Endocrine Abstracts

Immunotherapy targeting the CTLA-4 and PD-1pathways has revolutionised the treatment of several cancer types, and is under investigation in many others. However, its use is associated with a variety of side effects, many of which associated with immune system activation. In metastatic melanoma, the combination of ipilimumab (an anti-CTLA-4 antibody) and nivolumab (an anti-PD-1 antibody) has been shown to have greater efficacy than either drug as monotherapy, though as expected...

We are presenting a common case of diagnostic dilemma with hypercalcemia.This 66 year female patient was referred to Endocrine clinic with hypercalcemia. She was asymptomatic with blood tests showing C.Calcium of 2.73 mmol/l. This was followed by investigations to rule out primary or tertiary hyperparathyroidism.Blood tests revealed high PTH of 12.2 pmol/l with low 25OH Vitamin D of 37 nmol/l, suggesting a diagnosis of tertiary hyp...

Background: Sepsis is the leading cause of mortality in the critically ill. Recent studies emphasize early classification and treatment is paramount to improving mortality rates. Recently it has been found in many studies that many trace elements and nutrients do have effect on human body and if supplemented can improve the prognosis in patients with sepsis.Aim and objectives: primary objective: Whether low vitamin D is associated with mortality.<p c...

Iron is a transition metal that acts as an oxidant. There is evidence that systemic iron overload could contribute to abnormal glucose metabolism. Further research has showed that iron overload can result in an increased in type 2 diabetes irrespective of the cause of gene involved. Although the exact mechanism of iron-induced diabetes is uncertain, it is likely mediated by these three mechanisms: i) insulin deficiency, ii) insulin resistance, and iii) hepatic dysfunction....

Background: Juvenile hypothyroidism is very common problem in developing part of world, and produces various skeletal manifestations and one of them is short stature and it is the most common reason for referral to endocrinologist. It has very wide etiology and one of them is hypothyroidism, which needs special attention, as the treatment impact of thyroxin replacement has favourable outcome.Aim and objectives: To study the prevalence of juvenile hypothy...

Introduction: Hypocalcemia is a well known adverse reaction of phosphate supplements but rarely reported. We report a case of Infant presenting with hypocalcemic seizures after initiation of phosphate supplements.Clinical case: A baby Girl was born at 34+4 weeks gestation. She was admitted in NNU for preterm care. The admission was complicated by severe Gastroesophageal reflux disease(confirmed by PH impedance study), anemia and sepsis. She was discharge...

Background: Secondary hypogonadism due to intensive exercise and eating disorders are well documented in females. But there very few reports of secondary hypogonadism due to intensive exercise in male patients.Case presentation: A 34 year old Caucasian male, presented to our clinic with impaired fertility, lack of libido and increased fatigue. On further enquiry, he mentioned that he had starting running 3–4 yrs. ago, and had been running mara...

Hyperparathyroid jaw tumour syndrome is a familial form of primary hyperparathyroidism. Individuals are predisposed to develop parathyroid carcinomas (15%), ossifying fibromas of mandible and maxilla (30%), renal abnormalities including cystic lesions and hamartomas, and uterine tumours (1,2). The pathogenic mutation is in CDC73 gene (previously known as HRPT2 and C1orf28) inherited in an autosomal dominant manner.Our patient was the first person in the ...

Hyperparathyroid Jaw tumour syndrome is a familial form of primary hyperparathyroidism. Individuals are predisposed to develop parathyroid carcinomas (15%), ossifying fibromas of mandible and maxilla (30%), renal abnormalities including cystic lesions and hamartomas, and uterine tumours (1, 2). The pathogenic mutation is in CDC73 gene (previously known as HRPT2 and C1orf28) inherited in an autosomal dominant manner.Our patient was the first person in the...

We present two cases of glucocorticoid remediable aldosteronism (GRA) diagnosed through screening the children of an affected mother.GRA is a rare inherited cause of hypertension in children. A monogenic defect produces a chimeric gene, which codes for two enzymes involved in the production of aldosterone and cortisol. This leads to adrenocorticotropin stimulated aldosterone production. GRA is thought to account for 1% of primary aldosteronism with aroun...